@Article{WalkerGBAJMMARKSCLZMSFMS:2020:RoFoCo,
               author = "Walker, Wayne S. and Gorelik, Seth R. and Baccini, Alessandro and 
                         Aragon-Osejo, Jose Luis and Josse, Carmen and Meyer, Chris and 
                         Macedo, Marcia N. and Augusto, Cicero and Rios, Sandra and Katan, 
                         Tuntiak and Souza, Alana Almeida and Cuellar, Saul and Llanos, 
                         Andres and Zager, Irene and Mirabal, Gregorio D{\'{\i}}az and 
                         Solvik, Kylen K. and Farina, Mary K. and Moutinho, Paulo and 
                         Schwartzman, Stephan",
          affiliation = "{Woods Hole Research Center} and {Woods Hole Research Center} and 
                         {Woods Hole Research Center} and {Fundaci{\'o}n EcoCiencia} and 
                         {Fundaci{\'o}n EcoCiencia} and {Environmental Defense Fund} and 
                         {Woods Hole Research Center} and {Red Amaz{\'o}nica de 
                         Informaci{\'o}n Socioambiental Georreferenciada} and {Red 
                         Amaz{\'o}nica de Informaci{\'o}n Socioambiental 
                         Georreferenciada} and {Organizaciones Ind{\'{\i}}genas de la 
                         Cuenca Amaz{\'o}nica} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)} and {Red Amaz{\'o}nica de Informaci{\'o}n 
                         Socioambiental Georreferenciada} and {Red Amaz{\'o}nica de 
                         Informaci{\'o}n Socioambiental Georreferenciada} and {Red 
                         Amaz{\'o}nica de Informaci{\'o}n Socioambiental 
                         Georreferenciada} and {Organizaciones Ind{\'{\i}}genas de la 
                         Cuenca Amaz{\'o}nica} and {Woods Hole Research Center} and {Woods 
                         Hole Research Center} and {Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da 
                         Amaz{\^o}nia (INPA)} and {Environmental Defense Fund}",
                title = "The role of forest conversion, degradation, and disturbance in the 
                         carbon dynamics of Amazon indigenous territories and protected 
                         areas",
              journal = "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United 
                         Sates of America",
                 year = "2020",
               volume = "117",
               number = "6",
                pages = "3015--3025",
                month = "Feb.",
             keywords = "deforestation, forest degradation, forest carbon dynamics, Amazon, 
                         indigenous peoples.",
             abstract = "Maintaining the abundance of carbon stored aboveground in Amazon 
                         forests is central to any comprehensive climate stabilization 
                         strategy. Growing evidence points to indigenous peoples and local 
                         communities (IPLCs) as buffers against large-scale carbon 
                         emissions across a nine-nation network of indigenous territories 
                         (ITs) and protected natural areas (PNAs). Previous studies have 
                         demonstrated a link between indigenous land management and avoided 
                         deforestation, yet few have accounted for forest degradation and 
                         natural disturbancesprocesses that occur without forest clearing 
                         but are increasingly important drivers of biomass loss. Here we 
                         provide a comprehensive accounting of aboveground carbon dynamics 
                         inside and outside Amazon protected lands. Using published data on 
                         changes in aboveground carbon density and forest cover, we track 
                         gains and losses in carbon density from forest conversion and 
                         degradation/disturbance. We find that ITs and PNAs stored more 
                         than one-half (58%; 41,991 MtC) of the regions carbon in 2016 but 
                         were responsible for just 10% (\−130 MtC) of the net change 
                         (\−1,290 MtC). Nevertheless, nearly one-half billion tons 
                         of carbon were lost from both ITs and PNAs (\−434 MtC and 
                         \−423 MtC, respectively), with degradation/disturbance 
                         accounting for >75% of the losses in 7 countries. With 
                         deforestation increasing, and degradation/disturbance a neglected 
                         but significant source of region-wide emissions (47%), our results 
                         suggest that sustained support for IPLC stewardship of Amazon 
                         forests is critical. IPLCs provide a global environmental service 
                         that merits increased political protection and financial support, 
                         particularly if Amazon Basin countries are to achieve their 
                         commitments under the Paris Climate Agreement.",
                  doi = "10.1073/pnas.1913321117",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1913321117",
                 issn = "0027-8424",
                label = "lattes: 4377391883950603 11 WalkerGBAJMMARKSCLZMSFMS:2020:RoFoCo",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "walker_role.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "28 abr. 2024"
}